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Slave breeding in the United States were those practices of slave ownership that aimed to influence the reproduction of slaves in order to increase the wealth of slaveholders.〔Marable, Manning, ''How Capitalism Underdeveloped Black America: Problems in Race, Political Economy, and Society'', South End Press, 2000, p. 72.〕 Slave breeding included coerced sexual relations between male and female slaves, promoting pregnancies of slaves, and favoring female slaves who produced a relatively large number of children.〔 The purpose of slave breeding was to produce new slaves without incurring the cost of purchase, to fill labor shortages caused by the termination of the Atlantic slave trade. == Slave breeding == Slaveholders looked at the fertility of slave women as part of their productivity, and intermittently tried to encourage large families. The laws that ultimately ended the Atlantic Slave Trade came about as a result of the efforts of abolitionist Christian groups such as the Society of Friends, known as Quakers, and Evangelicals led by William Wilberforce, whose efforts through the Committee for the Abolition of the Slave Trade led to the passage of the Slave Trade Act by the British Parliament in 1807.〔''Macmillan Encyclopedia of World Slavery'', Vol. 2, Paul Finkelman and Joseph C. Miller (eds), Simon & Schuster.〕 This led to increased calls for the same ban in America, supported by members of the U.S. Congress from both the North and the South as well as President Thomas Jefferson.〔Dorothy Schneider and Carl J. Schneider, "Slavery in America from Colonial Times to the Civil War", ''Facts on File'', 2000, pp. 261-72.〕 At the same time that the importation of slaves from Africa was being restricted or eliminated, the United States was undergoing a rapid expansion of cotton, sugar cane and rice production in the Deep South and the West. Invention of the cotton gin enabled the profitable cultivation of short-staple cotton, which could be produced more widely than other types; this led to King Cotton throughout the Deep South. Slaves were treated as a commodity by owners and traders alike, and were regarded as the crucial labor for the production of lucrative cash crops that fed the triangle trade.〔Ira Berlin, ''Many Thousands Gone: The First Two Centuries of Slavery in North America'', Cambridge, MA: The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 1998, pp. 95-101.〕〔David W. Galenson, ''Traders, Planters, and Slaves: Market Behavior in Early English America'', 1986.〕 The slaves were managed as assets in the same way as chattel; slaveholders passed laws regulating slavery and the slave trade designed to protect their financial interests; there was little protection for the slaves. On large plantations, slave families were separated for different types of labor. Men tended to be assigned to large field gangs. Workers were assigned to the task for which they were best physically suited according to the overseer.〔Dorothy Schneider and Carl J. Schneider, "Slavery in America from Colonial Times to the Civil War", ''Facts on File'', 2000. pp. 52-56〕〔Ira Berlin, ''Many Thousands Gone'', 1998, pp. 40-41; 129-32.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Slave breeding in the United States」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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